Dr. James Marion Sims performed experiments on Black female slaves without anesthesia.

Alabama artist and activist, Michelle Browder, works to correct historical narrative around beginnings of gynecology.

Sims, known as the “father of modern gynecology,” contributed revolutionary tools and techniques to the medical field, like the modern-day speculum and the Sims position. His breakthroughs emerged from experiments on enslaved Black women without the use of anesthesia.